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PATBNTED JUNE 18, 1867.

No. 65,846. K

\ H. o. VAN TINR. APPARATUS POR BURNING PETROLEUM 0R oTHRR HYURUUARBoNs.

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HENRY V(l. VAN TINE, O F PITT'S BURG, PENNSYLVANIA. i Letters Patent No.. 65,846, dateaZfJune 18', 1867 APPARATUS Pon BURNING PETROLEUM AND OTHBRIHYDROGARBONS.

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T0 ALL WHOM IT MAY' (ONCERN:v l A Be it known th'atIJ Hanni C. Ver: TINE, of 'the city ofuPittshuiin' the county of Allegheny, and State of-Pen'nsylvania, have invented a new and useful improrercnt in Apparatus for Using Petroleum and Other Hydrocarbonsas Fuel;. and I do hereby declare thc'following to be a full, clevarpand exact descriptionthcreof, reference being had to the accompanying-drawing,"formingpart ofthis specification. y

:Figure 1 represents theiapplcation o'i my improvement to' a steam boiler, and is a vertical 'cross-section through the. apparatus. Y i

Figure 2 is a horizontal section through the line' z n: oi' fig. I.v

Like letters of reference indicateflike parts in each figure. i

The objectl oi' my invention is tlc cllectivc, safe, andf economical usc of petroleum, either crude or refined, or any o f its inflammable product-'solifcoinpoui'ids,4 asrlfuel for lires or furnaces'of all descriptions, for various purposes, such as heating or cooking, for steam boilers'for generators, eithei` stationary or locomotive, and for the numerousprocesscsin the .arts and manufactures in which Yfurnaces are employed.v v

By my apparatusj'l' am enabled touse as fuel crude oruni'efined petroleum,which is'of lcourse cheaper than kerosene or refined oil, orbenzine," which 'is-a 'waste product and'is consequently very cheap, as well` as any Yother of the products offtlioreinmentlof carbonlloil. y i I Thc'chef obstacles encountcrcdin the practical application of petroleum;- anditsproducts oreompounds r to thepurposcs above indicated arise from`their highly ini'lammablecharactgr :the danger'of enplosion incident totherfpigiaatimr offgosor gaseous vapor', "thcl-diculty olj controlling tlie'combus'tionand of supplying' oxygen ir sulilcient qnantityto consume the large amount of freecarlbou croire-fl"andl produce anything like a perfect combustion. Y

` The ,use of' aitroiigli orvessel ot water as a bed for thc petroleum overcomessome of the obstacles named, but only'increascc the diiliculty of controlling the fires, as it'adds to `the,volumeofiluixh andan ease of any ffouxcessiv'e 'supply o f water, the burning oil whichflo'nts on the surface of the water would overflow, carrying 'destruction in 'its path; 'l

vThese practical difficulties Iprop'ose to overcome by supplying .the petroleum or other hydrocarbon fluid 4{Ju-sed as fuel into a vcssel-`containinggravel or small stones, sufficiently coarse to prevent their beingea'sily choked with organic matter, and yet fine enough to afford sulcient capillary attraction to cause the fluid to L feedy readily upwards to the 'surface of layer of gravel on ,which it isv burned; and by supplying oxygen in intimate admixture with thegas and vapor and free carbon produced by the heat and combustion, by means of jets of steam issuing .through a perforatedpipe' or arrangement of pipes. i y A To enable others skilled in 4thcart toniake use of my improvement, I will proceed to describe the construe-V tion-and operation of thev apparatus which I use for the purpose of carrying the sameinto practical use as applied to the generation of 'steam in a boiler. i A i In the accompanying drawing, g is asteum boiler, which may be surrounded partially or entirely-by the l walls of :the combustiomchamber bof th'efurnace. .Under the boiler a, and connected with the combustion- `chamber b, is a shallow trough or pan, c, o'ccupyingethe position of the furnace or lire-grate. This trough may be madc'of castor'wrou'ght iron, suilicicntlyrdeep` to receive a bed of gravel'or small stones, d, about six inches thiclp Surrounding this trough is a perforated steam pipe', 'f, having a number of small apertures, e, so situated' as to allowthe jets o f steam issuing therefrom to play directly into the llame of the burning petroleum on the surfaceY of` the bed of gravel. f* This steam pipe f connects with the steam space of the 'steam gene o rater-or boiler and ris supplied with a valve or cock, g, to regulate' the supply of-.steam to the perforated r pipe From atank or reservoir, h, placed at a safe distance from the furnace, `a7pi pe, z', leads to the lire-pan o r trough c, and opens into the bott om of -the trough under the gravel. This pipe is supplied with a cock or r valve, k, to regulate the flow of oil or other'hyilrocarbon liquid from the tank 7i into the fire-pan c. The supply pipe' z' may have t'wc or more branches, each opening intothe re-pan c at diierent points. The Vlire-chamber b' and boiler a may be constructed .with flucs so 4as to conductthe flame 'and heat through the boiler, or to any point that may be desired, depepding on the nature and use of the apparatus to which my invention is to be applied. If the apparatus is, not used with a steam boiler, ai small steam generator may be used especially for the purpose of supplying steam to the tire.v The perforated pipe f maybe placed in anyother convenient posi'- tion than that described, which may be preferred, but itsvlocation at the circumference ofthe fire-pan c I considerbest, as it' is there less exposed to the heat. The {ire-pan c vmay be made of stone7 or any other non-combustible' substance or composition, ifnpreferred'rto iron, asit does not become highly heated, being protected by the layer of gravel excepting at the upper part of the sides, and may be filled with gravel, if desired, so as to protect it' entirely from thedirect action of the lire.

The operation of my apparatus is as follows: Petroleum or other hydrocarbon Huid, to be used as fuel,

contained in the tank h, is Iallowed to flow into the re-pan c, so as to saturate the gravel therein; the dow-ef.

oil being regulated by the stop-oock 7c, so as to supply the necessary amount for combustion, and no more. The oii is then lighted on the surface of the gravel,-aud burns freely, the gravel serving as a wick. When the fire is first lighted, and before steam is generated, coal, wood, or other fuel may be placed on top of the gravel so asto heat the boiler and aid in consuming the smoke evolved from the burning oil before steam is injected. As

soon as steam is produced itis admitted by thc-pipef through'- the perforations e, and forcing its way inje'ts through the smoke and gas evolved from the burning oil, it is by the heat decomposed into its elements,

"oxygen and hydrogen, which mingle with the produc-ts of combustion of the oil, and uniting with the carbon with vivid combustion produce an intense heat. Air may also be introduced, as may be found desirable, in the usual manner.

It is manifest that by use of my improvement therejs no danger of the spilling of oil from the lire-pan the supply be not excessive, which renders it peculiarly applicable to furnaces for locomotives or steam vessels, the motionV of'which makes it almost impossible otherwise to use the uid hydrocarbons for fuel. The use of the gravel also servs to keep'the tire-pan cool, and lessens theamount of gas evolved from the oil o1. other Hum hydrocarbon before it is ignited. I l

Having thus described my improvement, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isA o The use of a re-pan, filled or partially filled with gravel or small stones, ard supplied with petroleum or other hydrocarbon luid by a pipe or pipes, in combination with a perforated pipe or pipes for admitting jetsof steam into the fire-space abovel the surface of the gravel, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbcfore described. I d

In testimony whereof I, the said HENRY C. VAN TNE, have hereunto set my hand. i

H. C. VAN TINE.

1Witnesses:

ALLAN C. BAKEWELL, Geo B .CUsn1NG. 

